China bụ otu n'ime mba iri atọ nwere nnukwu nsogbu ụkwara nta n'ụwa, ọnọdụ ọrịa ụkwara nta n'ime obodo dịkwa njọ. Ọrịa a ka dị njọ n'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-enwekwa ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ụfọdụ. Ya mere, ọrụ igbochi ụkwara nta na ịchịkwa ya siri ike nke ukwuu.
01 Nchịkọta nke Ọrịa Ụkwara nta
Na 2014, WHO tụrụ aro "nkwụsị nke atụmatụ ụkwara nta". Agbanyeghị, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụọgụgụ ụkwara nta n'ụwa niile ebelatala naanị ihe dị ka 2% kwa afọ. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2015, ọnụọgụgụ ụkwara nta n'afọ 2020 belatara naanị 11%. WHO na-eme atụmatụ na a hụghị ma ọ bụ kọọrọ ihe karịrị 40% nke ndị ọrịa nwere ụkwara nta na 2020. Na mgbakwunye, igbu oge n'ịchọpụta ụkwara nta zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịsịa n'ebe ndị nwere ibu arọ na n'ime ndị ọrịa nwere nje HIV na ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ.
Ọnụọgụgụ ndị ọrịa e mere atụmatụ na Chaịna n'afọ 2021 bụ 780,000 (842,000 na 2020), a na-eme atụmatụ na ndị nwere ụkwara nta bụ 55 n'ime 100,000 (59/100,000 na 2020). A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụọgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ site na nje HIV na Chaịna bụ 30,000, ọnụọgụ ndị nwụrụ site na ụkwara nta bụ 2.1 n'ime 100,000.
02 Gịnị bụ TB?
Ọrịa ụkwara nta, nke a na-akpọkarị "ụkwara nta", bụ ọrịa iku ume na-adịghị ala ala nke ụkwara nta Mycobacterium na-akpata. Ọrịa ụkwara nta Mycobacterium nwere ike ịbanye n'ebe ọ bụla n'ahụ (ma e wezụga ntutu isi na ezé) ma a na-ahụkarị ya n'akpa ume. Ọrịa ụkwara nta na ngụgụ bụ ihe dị ka 95% nke ọnụọgụgụ ụkwara nta niile, yana ụkwara nta ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụkwara nta tuberculous meningitis, ụkwara nta tuberculous, ụkwara nta ọkpụkpụ, wdg.
03 Kedu ka esi ebute ụkwara nta?
Isi ihe na-akpata ọrịa ụkwara nta bụ ndị nwere ụkwara nta nke a na-akpọ sputum smear positive, a na-ebufekwa nje bacteria ụkwara nta site na ntapụ mmiri. Ndị nwere ahụike na-ebute ụkwara nta abụghị ndị na-ebute ọrịa ahụ. Ma ndị mmadụ na-ebute ọrịa ahụ dabere na nje bacteria ụkwara nta na ike nke iguzogide ahụ.
04 Kedu ihe mgbaàmà nke ụkwara nta?
Ihe mgbaàmà sistemụ: ahụ ọkụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, mbelata ibu.
Mgbaàmà iku ume: Ụkwara, ọbara ọgbụgba, mgbu obi.
Ngwọta 05
Macro & Micro-Test emepụtala usoro ngwa nnwale maka ụkwara nta Mycobacterium iji nye azịza usoro maka nchọpụta ụkwara nta, nlekota ọgwụgwọ na iguzogide ọgwụ.
Uru
Ngwa Nchọpụta DNA nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR)
1. Sistemụ ahụ na-ewebata njikwa mma ntụaka dị n'ime, nke nwere ike inyocha usoro nnwale ahụ nke ọma ma hụ na nnwale ahụ dị mma.
2. Ngwa a na-eji ngwakọta nke PCR amplification na fluorescent probes.
3. Mmetụta dị elu: LoD bụ 100nje bacteria/mL.
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Ngwa Nchọpụta Mgbochi Isoniazid nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR)
1. Sistemụ ahụ na-ewebata njikwa mma ntụaka dị n'ime, nke nwere ike inyocha usoro nnwale ahụ nke ọma ma hụ na nnwale ahụ dị mma.
2. Ngwa a na-eji sistemụ mgbanwe mmụgharị mmụba emelitere n'ime ụlọ nke na-ejikọta teknụzụ ARMS na nyocha fluorescent.
3. Nnukwu mmetụta uche: LoD bụ 1×103nje bacteria/mL.
4. Nkọwapụta dị elu: enweghị mmeghachi omume na mgbanwe nke ebe anọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa rpoB (511, 516, 526 na 531).
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Ngwa Nchọpụta Mgbochi Nkwụsi Ike nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid na Rifampicin (Mgbaze Curve)
1. Sistemụ ahụ na-ewebata njikwa mma ntụaka dị n'ime, nke nwere ike inyocha usoro nnwale ahụ nke ọma ma hụ na nnwale ahụ dị mma.
2. Ngwa a na-eji teknụzụ nchọpụta mmụba in vitro nke usoro mgbaze agbaze yana nyocha fluorescent mechiri emechi nke nwere ntọala RNA.
3. Nnukwu mmetụta uche: LoD bụ nje bacteria 50/mL.
4. Nkọwapụta dị elu: enweghị mmeghachi omume na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ, mycobacteria ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ụkwara nta, na nje pneumonia; Nchọpụta nke ebe mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke ụkwara nta Mycobacterium dịka katG 315G>C\A, InhA-15 C>T.
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Ngwa Nchọpụta Nucleic Acid nke dabere na Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) maka ụkwara nta Mycobacterium
1. Sistemụ ahụ na-ewebata njikwa mma ntụaka dị n'ime, nke nwere ike inyocha usoro nnwale ahụ nke ọma ma hụ na nnwale ahụ dị mma.
2. Ngwa a na-eji usoro enzyme digestion probe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-eme ka okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu. Enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ nchọpụta ahụ n'ime nkeji iri atọ.
3. Nnukwu mmetụta uche: LoD bụ 1000Copies/mL.
5. Nkọwapụta dị elu: enweghị mmeghachi omume na mycobacteria ndị ọzọ nke mycobacteria na-abụghị ụkwara nta (dịka Mycobacterium Kansas, Mycobacterium Suga, Mycobacterium nei, wdg) na nje ndị ọzọ (dịka Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, wdg).
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| HWTS-RT001A/B | Ngwa Nchọpụta DNA nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR) | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ Nnwale iri abụọ/ngwaọrụ |
| HWTS-RT105A/B/C | Ngwa Nchọpụta DNA nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis kpọrọ nkụ nke a kpọrọ nkụ (Fluorescence PCR) | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ Nnwale iri abụọ/ngwaọrụ Nnwale 48/ngwa |
| HWTS-RT002A | Ngwa Nchọpụta Mgbochi Isoniazid nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR) | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ |
| HWTS-RT074A | Ngwa Nchọpụta Mgbochi Rifampicin nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Fluorescence PCR) | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ |
| HWTS-RT074B | Ngwa Nchọpụta Mgbochi Nkwụsi Ike nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Nucleic Acid na Rifampicin (Mgbaze Curve) | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ |
| HWTS-RT102A | Ngwa Nchọpụta Nucleic Acid nke dabere na Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification (EPIA) maka ụkwara nta Mycobacterium | Nnwale iri ise/ngwaọrụ |
| HWTS-RT123A | Ngwa Nchọpụta Acid Nucleic nke Mycobacterium Tuberculosis kpọrọ nkụ (Enzymatic Probe Isothermal Amplification) | Nnwale 48/ngwa |
Oge ozi: Maachị-24-2023