Na njedebe nke 1995, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) họpụtara March 24th ka ụbọchị ụkwara nta nke ụwa.
1 Ịghọta ụkwara nta
Ụkwara nta (TB) bụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, nke a na-akpọkwa "ọrịa oriri".Ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na-adịghị ala ala nke ụkwara nta nke mycobacterium na-awakpo ahụ mmadụ.Ọ dịghị emetụta afọ, mmekọahụ, agbụrụ, ọrụ na mpaghara.Ọtụtụ akụkụ na usoro nke ahụ mmadụ nwere ike ịta ahụhụ site na ụkwara nta, n'ime nke ụkwara nta na-adịkarị.
Ụkwara nta bụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na-efe efe nke ụkwara nta nke Mycobacterium kpatara, nke na-awakpo akụkụ ahụ dum.N'ihi na ebe a na-ebutekarị ọrịa bụ ngụgụ, a na-akpọkarị ya ụkwara nta.
Ihe karịrị 90% nke ọrịa ụkwara nta na-ebute site na iku ume.Ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta na-ebute ụkwara, imi, na-eme oké mkpọtụ, na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri ndị nwere ụkwara nta (nke a na-akpọ microdroplets) na-esi n'ahụ́ pụta ma ndị ahụ́ siri ike kuru ha.
2 Ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta
Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ bụ isi nkuku ọgwụgwọ ụkwara nta.Tụnyere ụdị ọrịa nje ndị ọzọ, ọgwụgwọ ụkwara nta nwere ike iwe ogologo oge.Maka ụkwara nta nke akpa ume na-arụ ọrụ, a ghaghị ịṅụ ọgwụ mgbochi ụkwara nta maka opekata mpe ọnwa 6 ruo 9.Ọgwụ ndị akọwapụtara na oge ọgwụgwọ dabere na afọ onye ọrịa, ahụike zuru oke na nguzogide ọgwụ.
Mgbe ndị ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke mbụ, a ga-eji ọgwụ nke abụọ dochie ha.Ọgwụ ndị a na-ejikarị agwọ ọrịa ụkwara nta na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ gụnyere isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) na streptomycin (SM).A na-akpọ ọgwụ ise a ọgwụ nke mbụ ma dị irè maka ihe karịrị 80% nke ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta akpa ume bu ọrịa ọhụrụ.
3 Ajuju na azịza ụkwara nta
Ajụjụ: Enwere ike ịgwọ ụkwara nta?
A: 90% nke ndị ọrịa nwere ụkwara nta pulmonary nwere ike ịgwọta mgbe ha siri ọnwụ na ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ mgbe niile ma mezue usoro ọgwụgwọ a chọrọ (ọnwa 6-9).Mgbanwe ọ bụla na ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ikpebi site n'aka dọkịta.Ọ bụrụ na ị wereghị ọgwụ ahụ n'oge wee mezue usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ, ọ ga-adị mfe ibute ụkwara nta ọgwụ ike.Ozugbo mgbochi ọgwụ na-apụta, usoro ọgwụgwọ ga-adị ogologo ma ọ ga-adị mfe ibute ọdịda ọgwụgwọ.
Ajụjụ: Gịnị ka ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta kwesịrị ịṅa ntị n'oge ọgwụgwọ?
A: Ozugbo a chọpụtara na ị nwere ụkwara nta, ị kwesịrị ịnata ọgwụgwọ mgbochi ụkwara nta ozugbo enwere ike, gbasoo ndụmọdụ dọkịta, na-aṅụ ọgwụ n'oge, na-enyocha mgbe niile ma na-ewulite obi ike.1. Lezienụ anya na izu ike na ike oriri na-edozi ahụ;2. Lezienụ anya na ịdị ọcha nkeonwe, ma jiri akwa nhicha akwụkwọ kpuchie ọnụ na imi gị mgbe ị na-akwara ma ọ bụ na-asụ;3. Wedata ịpụ apụ na ihe mkpuchi mgbe ị ga-apụ apụ.
Ajụjụ: Ụkwara nta ọ ka na-efe efe ma a gwọọ ya?
A: Mgbe ọgwụgwọ ahazichara nke ọma, nje ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta na-efe efe na-agbadakarị ngwa ngwa.Mgbe izu ole na ole ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nje bacteria ụkwara nta na sputum ga-ebelata nke ukwuu.Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụkwara nta na-adịghị efe efe na-emecha usoro ọgwụgwọ niile dịka atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ edepụtara.Mgbe ha ruru ọkọlọtọ ọgwụgwọ, ọ nweghị nje ụkwara nta enweghị ike ịhụ na sputum, yabụ na ha anaghị efe efe.
Ajụjụ: Ụkwara nta ọ ka na-efe efe ma a gwọọ ya?
A: Mgbe ọgwụgwọ ahazichara nke ọma, nje ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta na-efe efe na-agbadakarị ngwa ngwa.Mgbe izu ole na ole ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nje bacteria ụkwara nta na sputum ga-ebelata nke ukwuu.Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụkwara nta na-adịghị efe efe na-emecha usoro ọgwụgwọ niile dịka atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ edepụtara.Mgbe ha ruru ọkọlọtọ ọgwụgwọ, ọ nweghị nje ụkwara nta enweghị ike ịhụ na sputum, yabụ na ha anaghị efe efe.
Ngwọta ụkwara nta
Macro & Micro-Test na-enye ngwaahịa ndị a:
Nchọpụta nkeMTB (Mycobacterium ụkwara nta) nucleic acid
1. The iwebata nke esịtidem ntụaka àgwà akara na usoro nwere ike comprehensively nyochaa nnwale usoro ma hụ na ibuo àgwà.
2. PCR amplification na fluorescent nyocha nwere ike jikọta.
3. Mmetụta dị elu: njedebe nchọpụta kacha nta bụ 1 bacteria / ml.
Nchọpụta nkeisoniazid eguzogide na MTB
1. The iwebata nke esịtidem ntụaka àgwà akara na usoro nwere ike comprehensively nyochaa nnwale usoro ma hụ na ibuo àgwà.
2. A nakweere sistemu mmụbawanye nke na-egbochi onwe ya, na usoro nke ijikọ teknụzụ ARMS na nyocha fluorescent nakweere.
3. Mmetụta dị elu: njedebe nchọpụta kacha nta bụ 1000 nje bacteria / ml, na ụdị ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-enweghị isi na 1% ma ọ bụ karịa mutant strains nwere ike ịhụ.
4. Nkọwa dị elu: Enweghị mmeghachi omume cross na ngbanwe nke (511, 516, 526 na 531) saịtị anọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke rpoB gene.
Nchọpụta Mgbanwe nkeMTB na Rifampicin Nguzogide
1. The iwebata nke esịtidem ntụaka àgwà akara na usoro nwere ike comprehensively nyochaa nnwale usoro ma hụ na ibuo àgwà.
2. Usoro mgbaze agbaze jikọtara ya na nyocha fluorescent mechiri emechi nwere ntọala RNA maka nchọpụta mmụba vitro.
3. Mmetụta dị elu: njedebe nchọpụta kacha nta bụ 50 bacteria / ml.
4. Elu nkọwa: ọ dịghị cross mmeghachi omume na mmadụ genome, ndị ọzọ nontuberculous mycobacteria na oyi baa pathogens;Achọpụtara ebe mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ụdị mycobacterium ụkwara nta nke anụ ọhịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ, dị ka katG 315G>C\A na InhA -15 C>T, na nsonaazụ ya egosighi mmeghachi omume ọ bụla.
Nchọpụta MTB nucleic acid (EPIA)
1. The iwebata nke esịtidem ntụaka àgwà akara na usoro nwere ike comprehensively nyochaa nnwale usoro ma hụ na ibuo àgwà.
2. A na-anabata usoro nyocha nke mgbaze enzyme mgbe niile, na oge nchọpụta dị mkpụmkpụ, enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ nchọpụta na nkeji 30.
3. Ejikọtara ya na Macro & Micro-Test sample ntọhapụ na Macro & Micro-Test mgbe niile okpomọkụ nucleic acid amplification analyzer, ọ dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ na adabara dị iche iche Mpaghara.
4. Mmetụta dị elu: njedebe nchọpụta kacha nta bụ 1000Copies / ml.
5. Nkọwa dị elu: Enweghị mmeghachi omume cross na mycobacteria ndị ọzọ nke na-abụghị ụkwara nta mycobacteria complex (dị ka Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, wdg) na ndị ọzọ pathogens (dị ka Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, wdg). .).
Oge nzipu: Mar-22-2024